On 9 October 2017, the Supreme Court of India banned the sale, but not use, of fireworks in Delhi during the Diwali season,[179] with the assumption that banning the use of fireworks would substantially improve the air quality of Delhi. Einige der Bräuche an Diwali erinnern auch an deutsche Feiertage. "[72][note 8], Jain inscriptions, such as the 10th century Saundatti inscription about a donation of oil to Jinendra worship for the Diwali rituals, speak of Dipotsava. Gegen das Brennen im Mund werden süße oder salzige Getränke aus Joghurt, lhassis, gereicht. Wenn du an Diwali nach Indien reist, wirst du feststellen, dass jede Region ihre eigene Art hat dieses Fest zu feiern. In al deze jaren heb ik nog nooit zo'n gezegende Diwali gezien. This includes Govardhan Puja, a celebration by Vaishnavites on the fourth day of Diwali. Aber Sita war ja wieder da und so wurden wir Schwestern gerufen, um sie für die Krönung ihres Mannes zu schmücken. The third day is the day of Lakshmi Puja and the darkest night of the traditional month. Shri Laxmi wird in Indien an Diwali verehrt, weil ein großer Rakshasa (Dämon), namens Narakasura getötet wurde und auch deshalb, weil Shri Laxmi zur selben Zeit dem Meer entstiegen ist – lange, lange Zeit zuvor. According to Pintchman, in some Hindu traditions the women recite tales where sisters protect their brothers from enemies that seek to cause him either bodily or spiritual harm. In Bengalen (Ostindien) verehrt man zu Diwali die schwarze Göttin Kali, die sowohl den Tod als auch die Überwindung des Todes versinnbildlicht. Each of the four days in the festival of Diwali is marked with a different tradition. Danach sind wir zu einem Tempel gefahren, der im Wald gelegen ist. Was sind die fünf Tage von Diwali? The darkest night is the apex of the celebration and coincides with the second half of October or early November in the Gregorian calendar. Homes are illuminated with lights, and firecrackers fill the skies as an expression of respect to the heavens for the attainment of health, wealth, knowledge, peace, and prosperity. [130][131] While the cleaning, or painting, of the home is in part for goddess Lakshmi, it also signifies the ritual "reenactment of the cleansing, purifying action of the monsoon rains" that would have concluded in most of the Indian subcontinent. Nein, es war nicht Lakshman, der sich an mich erinnerte und zu mir eilte. If you are away from the sights and sounds of Diwali, light a diya, sit quietly, shut your eyes, withdraw the senses, concentrate on this supreme light, and illuminate the soul. Diwali, Divali, Deepavali is the Hindu festival of lights, usually lasting five days and celebrated during the Hindu Lunisolar month Kartika (between mid-October and mid-November). Erfahren Sie mehr. [29], Diwali is a five-day festival, the height of which is celebrated on the third day coinciding with the darkest night of the lunar month. Some Muslims joined the Hindu community in celebrating Diwali in the Mughal era. Historical records appear inconsistent about the name of the lunar month in which Diwali is observed. [40] The lamps from the puja ceremony are then used to light more earthenware lamps, which are placed in rows along the parapets of temples and houses,[125] while some diyas are set adrift on rivers and streams. Im traditionellen Sinne sollte man an allen Stellen in seinem Haus brennende Kerzen oder Kerzen platzieren, um das Haus zu beleuchten. Part of the inscription, as translated by Kielhorn, reads: "the auspicious festival of lights which disperses the most profound darkness, which in former days was celebrated by the kings Ila, Kartavirya and Sagara, (...) as Sakra (Indra) is of the gods, the universal monarch who knows the duties by the three Vedas, afterwards celebrated here at Ranga for Vishnu, resplendent with Lakshmi resting on his radiant lap. Das Lichterfest Diwali ist für hinduistisch geprägte Länder von großer Bedeutung, auch wenn es kein Nationalfeiertag ist. Es ist das Lieblingsfest von den meisten Indern und alle haben sich schon Wochen vorher darauf gefreut. This is the day when Hindu, Jain and Sikh temples and homes are aglow with lights, thereby making it the "festival of lights". One of the earliest reports on this variation was by Wilson in 1847. The day also marks a major shopping day to purchase new utensils, home equipment, jewellery, firecrackers, and other items. The day before Diwali is remembered as Naraka Chaturdasi, the day on which Narakasura was killed by Krishna. In joyous celebration of the return of their king, the people of Ayodhya, the capital of Rama, illuminated the kingdom with earthen diyas (oil lamps) and set off firecrackers. [23][24], Some other faiths in India also celebrate their respective festivals alongside Diwali. Lord Rama, einer der wichtigsten indischen Götter, lebt mit seiner Frau Sita im Exil (warum die zwei flüchten mussten, daran kann ich mich leider nicht mehr erinnern). [139][143], The day celebrates the sibling bond between brother and sister. The tradition of gambling on Diwali also has a legend behind it. Monier Monier Williams (2008 updated, Harvard University), Sanskrit English dictionary, दीप. [105], According to Tracy Pintchman, Dhanteras is a symbol of annual renewal, cleansing and an auspicious beginning for the next year. The authors concluded that the contribution of the festival fireworks could lead to a 1.3% increase in the non-carcinogenic hazard index. [171], Every year during Diwali, Indian forces approach their Pakistani counterparts at the border bearing gifts of traditional Indian confectionery, a gesture that is returned in kind by the Pakistani soldiers who give Pakistani sweets to the Indian soldiers. [100][101][note 10], Diwali is not a festival for most Buddhists, with the exception of the Newar people of Nepal who revere various deities in the Vajrayana Buddhism and celebrate Diwali by offering prayers to Lakshmi. In 2013, about ₹25 billion (US$350 million) of fireworks were sold to merchants for the Diwali season, an equivalent retail value of about ₹50 billion (US$700 million) according to The Times of India. An Diwali isst man Süssigkeiten wie Nan Khatai und Kokosnuss Laddoos. [150][151][89], Diwali marks a major shopping period in India,[18] and is comparable to the Christmas period in terms of consumer purchases and economic activity. "Deepawali" and "Dipawali" redirect here. Diwali is also a major cultural event for the Hindu and Jain diaspora from the Indian subcontinent. Sikhs historically referred to this festival as Diwali. Some Hindu communities mark the last day as Bhai Dooj or the regional equivalent, which is dedicated to the bond between sister and brother,[22] while other Hindu and Sikh craftsmen communities mark this day as Vishwakarma Puja and observe it by performing maintenance in their work spaces and offering prayers. Vor allem aber veranstalten sie seit… [80], Many Hindus associate the festival with Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and prosperity, and wife of Vishnu. During Diwali, lights illuminate every corner of India, and the scent of incense sticks hangs in the air, mingled with the sounds of firecrackers, joy, togetherness, and hope. Sintra, Lisbon (Portugal) – 2 November 1997. Zu wissen, wie man Diwali feiert, ist für viele von Interesse, da es eines der wichtigsten Festivals der Hindus ist, das in vielen Teilen der Welt, insbesondere in Indien, gefeiert wird. Bold indicates major holidays commonly celebrated in the United States, which often represent the major celebrations of the month. Grewal, a scholar of Sikhism and Sikh history, Diwali in the Sikh tradition is older than the sixth Guru Hargobind legend. [118] A mythological interpretation of this festive day is the destruction of the asura (demon) Narakasura by Krishna, a victory that frees 16,000 imprisoned princesses kidnapped by Narakasura. [49] [119][123] Shops either do not open or close early on this day allowing employees to enjoy family time. [180] The smoke from the burning of the fields is carried by seasonal winds over the floodplain, where it is inverted by the colder winds and spread throughout the region for much of the winter. It is believed that on this day, Goddess Parvati played dice with her husband Lord Shiva. [91][105] Families also prepare homemade delicacies for Lakshmi Pujan, regarded as the main day of Diwali. [164][note 16], Many governments encourage or sponsor Diwali-related festivities in their territories. Die Desserts aus Diwali sind so reichhaltig und lecker, dass es einfach unmöglich ist, sie gehen zu lassen, während jeder in Ihrer Familie Bissen isst. [172][note 17], The 51% of which[clarification needed] is caused by the industrial pollution, 27% by vehicles, 8% by crop burning and 5% by diwali fireworks. 10,000 on this Diwali: ASSOCHAM survey, "Festival of Lights: All You Need to Know About Diwali", "NextFins Celebrates Diwali With the Launch of INDF", "Prince Charles, Camilla celebrate Diwali in UK", "Their Royal Highnesses The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall Celebrate Diwali at BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, London", "Brown celebrates Diwali at 10, Downing Street, in a 'historic' first", "Pakistan parliament adopts resolution for Holi, Diwali, Easter holidays", "Muslim-majority Pakistan set to declare Holi, Diwali and Easter as public holidays", "Muslims join Hindus in Diwali celebrations in Pakistan's Peshawar", Location wise daily Ambient Air Quality of Delhi for the year 2015, Want govt to build 1600 km green wall along Aravalli, "India's courts take the fun out of a Hindu holiday", "Agricultural Burning and Air Quality over Northern India: A Synergistic Analysis using NASA's A-train Satellite Data and Ground Measurements", "Burns in the developing world and burn disasters", The Ancient Origins of Diwali, India’s Biggest Holiday, For More About deepavali from Karnataka Tourism Department, Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sembilan's Birthday, Anniversary of Installation of the Sultan of Terengganu, Declaration of Malacca City as Historical City, Declaration of George Town as World Heritage Site, Annunciation of the Virgin Mary / Annunciation of the Theotokos, Days of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust, Emancipation Day in the U.S. Virgin Islands, Fast in Honor of the Holy Mother of Lord Jesus, Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Nativity of Mary / Nativity of the Theotokos, Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month, Virgin Islands–Puerto Rico Friendship Day, Presentation of the Theotokos to the Temple, Urus Mubarak of Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diwali&oldid=998963703, Articles containing Assamese-language text, Articles containing Bengali-language text, Articles containing Gujarati-language text, Articles containing Kannada-language text, Articles containing Konkani (individual language)-language text, Articles containing Maithili-language text, Articles containing Malayalam-language text, Articles containing Marathi-language text, Articles containing Punjabi-language text, Articles containing Nepali (macrolanguage)-language text, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles which use infobox templates with no data rows, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 January 2021, at 21:12. Diwali festivities include a celebration of sights, sounds, arts and flavours. There is an air of freedom, festivity, and friendliness everywhere.Â. It is a time when people mingle about in joy and embrace one another. (federal) = federal holidays, (abbreviation) = state/territorial holidays, (religious) = religious holidays, (cultural) = holiday related to a specific racial/ethnic group or sexual minority, (week) = week-long holidays, (month) = month-long holidays, (36) = Title 36 Observances and Ceremonies [116] The term "chhoti" means little, while "Naraka" means hell and "Chaturdashi" means "fourteenth". Deepa means light. Ashi, die uns zu dieser besonderen Feier eingeladen hat, erzählt uns die Legende, auf der Diwali beruht. The fourth day is referred to as Yama Dvitiya (also called Bhai Dooj), and on this day sisters invite their brothers to their homes. According to one belief, the sound of firecrackers indicates the joy of the people living on earth, making the gods aware of their plentiful state. [57] The Venetian merchant and traveller Niccolò de' Conti visited India in the early 15th-century and wrote in his memoir, "on another of these festivals they fix up within their temples, and on the outside of the roofs, an innumerable number of oil lamps... which are kept burning day and night" and that the families would gather, "clothe themselves in new garments", sing, dance and feast. Diwali ist Indiens größtes Festival, etwa so wichtig wie bei uns Weihnachten. [16][82][83] Hindus from the Braj region in northern India, parts of Assam, as well as southern Tamil and Telugu communities view Diwali as the day the god Krishna overcame and destroyed the evil demon king Narakasura, in yet another symbolic victory of knowledge and good over ignorance and evil. [79] The festival formally begins two days before the night of Diwali, and ends two days thereafter. [183] Other studies have stated that the fireworks of Diwali produce particulates and pollutants with a decay-life time of about one day. [75], Diwali is celebrated by Hindus, Jains, Sikhs, and Newar Buddhists,[29] although for each faith it marks different historical events and stories, but nonetheless the festival represents the same symbolic victory of light over darkness, knowledge over ignorance, and good over evil. Reasons to Celebrate Diwali the Festival of Lights, When Is Diwali (Deepavali)? [21] The second day is Naraka Chaturdashi. The devotion and dedication of Hanuman pleased Rama so much that he blessed Hanuman to be worshipped before him. [99] The festival of Diwali, according to Ray Colledge, highlights three events in Sikh history: the founding of the city of Amritsar in 1577, the release of Guru Hargobind from the Mughal prison, and the day of Bhai Mani Singh's martyrdom in 1738 as a result of his failure to pay a fine for trying to celebrate Diwali and thereafter refusing to convert to Islam. [79], As per another popular tradition, in the Dvapara Yuga period, Krishna, an avatar of Vishnu, killed the demon Narakasura, who was evil king of Pragjyotishapura, near present-day Assam and released 16000 girls held captive by Narakasura. Food is a major focus with families partaking in feasts and sharing mithai. Sometimes these are wrapped with edible silver foil (vark). Each day has the following rituals and significance:[40], Dhanteras, derived from Dhan meaning wealth and teras meaning thirteenth, marks the thirteenth day of the dark fortnight of Kartik and the beginning of Diwali. [155][156] According to Rao, Diwali is one of the major festivals where rural Indians spend a significant portion of their annual income, and is a means for them to renew their relationships and social networks. Diwali is marked by four days of celebration, which literally illuminates the country with its brilliance and dazzles people with its joy. In Indien findet das Fest nach der Monsunperiode statt, meist ist es dort dann angenehm mild. It is an opportunity to cultivate and enjoy eternal bliss. Lakshmi ist die Göttin von Diwali. Diwali, auch Deepavali bzw. Diwali is a Hindu festival held in honour of Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth. [46][note 2], The five-day celebration is observed every year in early autumn after the conclusion of the summer harvest, coincides with the new moon (amāvasyā) and is deemed the darkest night of the Hindu lunisolar calendar. It was in early 20th-century, states Harjot Oberoi – a scholar of Sikh history, when the Khalsa Tract Society triggered by the. Over time, these spring and autumn festivals became the most important of Sikh festivals and holy sites such as Amritsar became focal points for annual pilgrimages. Außerdem werden an Diwali jede Menge Feuerwerke entzündet g… Diwali was celebrated as a significance of triumph of good over evil after Krishna's Victory over Narakasura. [40][81] Along with Lakshmi, who is representative of Vaishnavism, Ganesha, the elephant-headed son of Parvati and Shiva of Shaivism tradition, is remembered as one who symbolises ethical beginnings and the remover of obstacles. It is an official holiday in a dozen countries, while the other festive days are regionally observed as either public or optional restricted holidays in India. [119], As the evening approaches, celebrants will wear new clothes or their best outfits, teenage girls and women, in particular, wear saris and jewellery. [92] According to the Jain tradition, this practice of lighting lamps first began on the day of Mahavira's nirvana in 527 BCE,[note 9] when 18 kings who had gathered for Mahavira's final teachings issued a proclamation that lamps be lit in remembrance of the "great light, Mahavira". Diwali - Festival of Lights ... an Diwali isst man anscheinend den ganzen Tag und auch viel Suesses. [11][12][77][78], The religious significance of Diwali varies regionally within India. [113] The term "Dhan" for this day also alludes to the Ayurvedic icon Dhanvantari, the god of health and healing, who is believed to have emerged from the "churning of cosmic ocean" on the same day as Lakshmi. Oft werden Häuser neu gestrichen, manchmal auch mit farbigen Mustern verziert. It is well preserved on the north wall of the second. Those with keen inner spiritual ears will clearly hear the voice of the sages, "O children of God unite, and love all." It falls on the 15th day of the Hindu month of Kartik, so it varies every year. Kernaussage des Festes ist der Sieg des Guten über das Böse, der Wahrheit über die Lüge, des Lichts über den Schatten und des Lebens über den Tod . [178] The tradition of annual Diwali fireworks has caused widespread coverage in Indian media, where debate has centred on air quality within Indian cities in autumn and winter and the role the fireworks play. [123][92], The day after Diwali is the first day of the bright fortnight of the luni-solar calendar. Each day of Diwali has its own tale to tell. Nach meinen Eindrücken ist Diwali wie eine exotische Mischung aus Weihnachten und Silvester: Man feiert und beschenkt sich in der ganzen Familie, sitzt zusammen, isst und singt. They install diyas, small earthen oil-filled lamps that they light up for the next five days, near Lakshmi and Ganesha iconography. [47][122], The youngest members in the family visit their elders, such as grandparents and other senior members of the community, on this day. Beyond the lights, gambling, and fun, Diwali is also a time to reflect on life and make changes for the upcoming year. In Indien ist Diwali oder jedes andere Festival ohne Familie, Spaß und viele leckere Snacks und Süßigkeiten unvollständig. Lord Ganesha—the elephant-headed god and symbol of auspiciousness and wisdom—is also worshiped in most Hindu homes on this day. Scholars contest the 527 BCE date and consider Mahavira's biographical details as uncertain. Earlier in the season's fortnight, some welcome the souls of their ancestors to join the family for the festivities with the Mahalaya. [166][167] Since 2009, Diwali has been celebrated every year at 10 Downing Street, the residence of the British Prime Minister. The Diwali night's lights and firecrackers, in this interpretation, represent a celebratory and symbolic farewell to the departed ancestral souls. [89] The telling of these myths are a reminder of the Hindu belief that good ultimately triumphs over evil. An erster Stelle steht natürlich der Bruder. This legend is remembered through the ritual of building small mountain-like miniatures from cow dung. Illustrative Islamic records, states Stephen Blake, include those of 16th-century Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi who wrote, "during Diwali.... the ignorant ones amongst Muslims, particularly women, perform the ceremonies... they celebrate it like their own Id and send presents to their daughters and sisters,.... they attach much importance and weight to this season [of Diwali]. [15] During Diwali, people wear their finest clothes, illuminate the interior and exterior of their homes with diyas and rangoli, perform worship ceremonies of Lakshmi, the goddess of prosperity and wealth,[note 1] light fireworks, and partake in family feasts, where mithai (sweets) and gifts are shared. [136], This day ritually celebrates the bond between the wife and husband,[139] and in some Hindu communities, husbands will celebrate this with gifts to their wives. Diwali ist mit dem deutschen Weihnachtsfest vergleichbar, da es ebenso freudvoll und von einem spirituellen Charakter geprägt ist. Viele Menschen bezahlen zu diesem Anlass alte Schulden, legen sich neue Kleidung zu und reinigen ihre Wohnungen. A sister ritually feeding her brother on Bhai Duj-Diwali. [139] According to Kinsley, the ritual use of cow dung, a common fertiliser, is an agricultural motif and a celebration of its significance to annual crop cycles. It is... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples The vibrations produced by the greetings of love, which fill the atmosphere, are powerful. [66][note 6], Sanskrit inscriptions in stone and copper mentioning Diwali, occasionally alongside terms such as Dipotsava, Dipavali, Divali and Divalige, have been discovered at numerous sites across India. Deshalb konnten wir auch in eine Gastfamilie, obwohl es kein Wochenende war. The women, in particular, adorn themselves in colourful attire and decorate their hands with henna. More and more Australians are embracing Diwali -- the Hindi festival of light. Sie ist die Göttin des Glücks und des Reichtums. Confectioners and shops create Diwali-themed decorative displays, selling these in large quantities, which are stocked for home celebrations to welcome guests and as gifts. It is on the third day of Deepawali, Kartika Shudda Padyami, that Bali steps out of hell and rules the earth according to the boon given by Lord Vishnu. Diwali is celebrated for five days according to the lunar Hindu Calendar. ", India Journal: ‘Tis the Season to be Shopping, Pakistan parliament adopts resolution for Holi, Diwali, Easter holidays, "The Svanti Festival: Victory over Death and the Renewal of the Ritual Cycle in Nepal", Diwali – Celebrating the triumph of goodness, Krishna Killed Narakasur – The Narakasur Legend of Diwali – Diwali Legend, Christopher H. Johnson, Simon Teuscher & David Warren Sabean 2011, https://www.drikpanchang.com/diwali/yama-deepam/yama-deepam-date-time.html?year=2020, http://www.swahainternational.org/the-yam-deep-or-jam-ke-deeya/, "Choti Diwali 2020 date: Kali Chaudas significance, when and how to celebrate - Times of India", "Diwali Festival 2020 India:Date,Story,Celebration,Diwali Special Gift", If You Missed Diwali in India, Dallas Is the Place to Be, Manchester Dashehra and Diwali Mela plans announced, Festive season to boost India gold buying, India's banks face pre-Diwali cash crunch, Diwali lights up consumer spending, festive spirit beats inflation, Fear Of Toxic Smog Leads India To Limit Diwali Fireworks, Firework Facts: Americans Incinerate $1 Billion in July Fourth Fireworks Every Year, Oneline sales may surpass Rs 30000 crores in festive months, Average family to spend Rs. [158][note 15] ASSOCHAM, a trade organisation in India, forecasted that online shopping alone to be over ₹300 billion (US$4.2 billion) over the 2017 Diwali season. According to Truschke, Aurangzeb did so because he found the festivals "distasteful" and also from "concerns with public safety" lurking in the background. [59], Islamic historians of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire era also mentioned Diwali and other Hindu festivals. Furthermore, it is, in some regions, a celebration of the day Lord Rama returned to his kingdom Ayodhya with his wife Sita and his brother Lakshmana after defeating Ravana in Lanka and serving 14 years of exile. [161] About two-thirds of Indian households, according to the ASSOCHAM forecast, would spend between ₹5,000 (US$70) and ₹10,000 (US$140) to celebrate Diwali in 2017. [117], Naraka Chaturdashi is also a major day for purchasing festive foods, particularly sweets. Shiva surrenders his shirt and adornments to her, rendering him naked. The first day of the festival, Naraka Chaturdasi marks the vanquishing of the demon Naraka by Lord Krishna and his wife Satyabhama.Â. [91] According to Goldstein, these are then shaped into various forms, such as laddus, barfis, halwa, kachoris, shrikhand, and sandesh, rolled and stuffed delicacies, such as karanji, shankarpali, maladu, susiyam, pottukadalai. This festive day is interpreted by some to symbolise Yama's sister Yamuna welcoming Yama with a tilaka, while others interpret it as the arrival of Krishna at his sister's, Subhadra, place after defeating Narakasura. [55][56] Rajasekhara referred to Deepavali as Dipamalika in his 9th century Kavyamimamsa, wherein he mentions the tradition of homes being whitewashed and oil lamps decorated homes, streets and markets in the night. [139], In some rural communities of the north, west and central regions, the fourth day is celebrated as Govardhan puja, honouring the legend of the Hindu god Krishna saving the cowherd and farming communities from incessant rains and floods triggered by Indra's anger,[139] which he accomplished by lifting the Govardhan mountain.